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The Walt Disney Company
Type Public (NYSE: DIS)
Founded Burbank, California, USA (1911)
Founder Walt and Roy Disney
Headquarters Burbank, California, USA
Key people John E. Pepper, Jr., Chairman
Robert Iger, President/CEO
Industry Media and Entertainment
Products ABC, ABC Family, ABC Kids, Buena Vista Distribution, Buena Vista
Motion Pictures Group, Disney Channel, ESPN, Jetix, Walt Disney Studio
Entertainment, Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Walt Disney Television, Walt
Disney Television Animation, Walt Disney Records, Walt Disney Pictures,
Disney Consumer Products, Pixar, Soapnet, Toon Disney
Revenue $35 .3 billion USD (2006)
Operating income $6.491 billion USD (2006)
(15.9% operating margin)
Net income $3.374 billion USD (2006)
(10.4% net margin)
Website www.disney.com
The Walt Disney Company (NYSE: DIS) is one of the largest media and
entertainment corporations in the world. Founded on October 16, 1923 by
brothers Walt and Roy Disney as a small animation studio in their
Grandfather's garage, it became one of the biggest Hollywood studios and
owner of eleven theme parks and several television networks, including the
American Broadcasting Company (ABC). It is known for its policy of targeting
mainly younger children and their families.
Disney's corporate headquarters and primary production facilities are
located in California at the Walt Disney Studios (Burbank).
The company is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. It had
revenues of $34.3 billion in 2006.
Holdings
Studio Entertainment
Disney's original and, until 1955, their only business, was motion picture
production. Disney Studio Entertainment, also known as the Walt Disney
Studios, includes Disney's movie and animation studios that make 3d films,
record labels and Broadway-style stage shows. Since 2002, it has been headed
by chairman Dick Cook.
* Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group (or Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group,
Inc.): Disney's movie studio, which includes the Walt Disney Pictures,
Touchstone Pictures, Hollywood Pictures, and Miramax labels
* Walt Disney Animation Studios and Pixar Animation Studios: Disney's
animation studios, which operate independently of each other
* Buena Vista Pictures Distribution: distributes and markets company's
motion pictures in the United States
* Buena Vista International: distributes company's motion pictures
internationally
* Buena Vista Home Entertainment: distributes company's motion pictures to
rental and retail markets
* Buena Vista Music Group: releases original music and movie soundtracks
under four labels
* Buena Vista Theatrical Group: produces Broadway-style shows
* Disney Live Family Entertainment: produces Disney on Ice
* Disney Interactive/ Buena Vista Games: develops and releases Disney- based
32 video games
Media Networks
Its Media Networks unit is centered around the American Broadcasting Company
(ABC) television network, which it acquired through a merger with Capital
Cities/ABC in 1996. Properties include:
* Walt Disney Television
* ABC Studios (formerly Touchstone Television)
* ABC Entertainment
* Disney-ABC Domestic Television (formerly Buena Vista Television)
* ESPN
* SOAPnet
* Lifetime
* Walt Disney Internet Group
Disney also owns a group of cable networks including: Disney Channel, ABC
Family, Toon Disney, the ESPN group, and SOAPnet. Disney also holds
substantial interest in Lifetime (50%), A&E (37.5%), E! (40%, recently sold
to Comcast), and Jetix Europe N.V. (74%). Disney also owns 25% of the GMTV
company that operates the Breakfast Programmes on ITV, in the UK.
Through ABC, Disney also owns 30 local television stations, 2 local radio
stations, and ESPN Radio, and Radio Disney. Although the ABC Radio Network
was sold with other properties to Citadel Broadcasting, (which carries such
radio personalities as Sean Hannity and Paul Harvey and distributes news
bulletins by ABC News), Disney shareholders now own 52% of Citadel.
Disney-ABC Domestic Television, which also is a part of the Media Networks
unit, produces such syndicated television programs as Who Wants to Be a
Millionaire, Live with Regis and Kelly, and Ebert & Roeper.
Disney also operates its Hyperion publishing company and Walt Disney
Internet Group (WDIG) through Media Networks. Hyperion has recently
published books by comedian-author Steve Martin and bestselling author Mitch
Albom. WDIG includes the Go.com web portal, Infoseek search engine which it
purchased in 1998, and leading websites such as Disney.com, ESPN.com,
ABCNews.com and Movies.com. In March 2007, it was reported that Disney is
launching a new Web site, Disney Family http://newsmax.com/archives/articles/2007/3/13/75712.shtml,
which is a one-stop site for parents, especially mothers.[1]
Consumer Products
* Disney Consumer Products
* Disney Store
* Jim Henson's Muppets
* Disney Interactive Studios (formerly Buena Vista Games)
Disney Parks
* Disneyland Resort
* Walt Disney World
* Disneyland Resort Paris
* Hong Kong Disneyland
* Walt Disney Imagineering
* Tokyo Disney Resort (controlling interest, not ownership)
* Disney Cruise Line
History
Founding and early success (1922–1957)
* 1908: Walt started sketching Disney characters
* 1923: The Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, founded on October 16 by
brothers Walt and Roy Disney and animator Ub Iwerks, produces the Alice's
Wonderland series.
* 1925: At Walt Disney's insistence, the company is renamed Walt Disney
Studios; Disney creates the cartoon Alice's Egg Plant, a cartoon containing
anti-union propaganda.
* 1927: The Alice series ends; Disney picks up the contract to animate
Oswald the Lucky Rabbit.
* 1928: Walt loses the Oswald series contract; first Mickey Mouse cartoon
Plane Crazy released; Steamboat Willie released, the first cartoon with
sound to achieve widespread popularity.
* 1929: First Silly Symphony: The Skeleton Dance. On December 16, the
original partnership formed in 1923 is replaced by Walt Disney Productions,
Ltd. Three other companies, Walt Disney Enterprises, Disney Film Recording
Company, and Liled Realty and Investment Company, are also formed.
* 1930: First appearance of Pluto.
* 1932: First three-strip Technicolor short released: Flowers and Trees;
first appearance of Goofy.
* 1934: First appearance of Donald Duck.
* 1937: Studio produces its first full-length feature film, Snow White and
the Seven Dwarfs. The film is also the first American animated feature film
in history, and is the highest-grossing film of all time until 1939's Gone
with the Wind.
* 1938: On September 29, Walt Disney Enterprises, Disney Film Recording
Company, and Liled Realty and Investment Company are merged into Walt Disney
Productions.
* 1940: Studio moves to the Burbank, California buildings where it is
located to this day. Release of animated features Pinocchio, the first
animated film to win both Best Original Score and Best Song Academy Awards,
and Fantasia, the world's first film to be recorded in stereophonic sound ("Fantasound").
* 1941: A bitter animators' strike occurs; as the USA enters World War II,
the studio begins making morale-boosting propaganda films for the
government.
* 1942: Saludos Amigos marks the beginning of a series of low-budget
"package" animated films that would continue until 1950. Bambi is also
released, after a six-year production period.
* 1944: The company is short on cash; a theatrical re-release of Snow White
and the Seven Dwarfs generates much-needed revenue and begins a reissue
pattern for the animated feature films.
* 1945: For the first time, the studio hires live actors for a feature film
(Song of the South).
* 1949: The studio begins production on its first all-live action feature,
Treasure Island; the popular True-Life Adventures series begins.
* 1950: Cinderella is released, ending the series of "package" animated
films and reviving Disney feature animation.
* 1952: Walt Disney forms WED Enterprises on December 16 to design his theme
park.
* 1953: Walt Disney forms Retlaw Enterprises on April 6 to control the
rights to his name. It will later own and operate several attractions inside
Disneyland, including the Monorail and the Disneyland Railroad.
* 1954: The studio founds Buena Vista Distribution to distribute its feature
films; beginning of the Disneyland TV program, which runs for decades under
several different titles. Disney becomes one of the first American
theatrical TV producers to show his recent films on television, although
most of them are first shown in truncated versions to fit a one-hour time
slot. Others are divided into two or more one-hour segments over several
weeks, so that they can be shown on Disney's TV show.
* 1955: Disneyland Resort opens in Anaheim, California. Lady and the Tramp,
the first animated film in history to be shot in widescreen, is released
* 1957: Walt Disney Productions went public on November 12.
After Walt's death
* 1967: Construction begins on Walt Disney World; the underlying
governmental structure (see Reedy Creek Improvement District) is signed into
law. The Jungle Book, the last animated film involved with Walt Disney
himself, is released.
* 1971: The Walt Disney World Resort opens in Orlando, Florida; Roy Oliver
Disney dies; Donn Tatum becomes chairman and Card Walker becomes president.
* 1976: 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954 film) becomes the first movie
made by the studio to be shown on TV complete in one evening, as opposed to
the way the Disney films were divided into weekly segments on his television
show.
* 1977: Roy Edward Disney, son of Roy and nephew of Walt, resigns from the
company citing a decline in overall product quality and issues with
management.
* 1978: The studio licenses several minor titles to MCA Discovision for
laserdisc release; only TV compilations of cartoons ever see the light of
day through this deal.
* 1979: Don Bluth and a number of his allies leave the animation division;
the studio releases its first PG-rated films, Take Down and The Black Hole.
* 1980: Tom Wilhite becomes head of the film division with the intent of
modernizing studio product; a home video division is created.
* 1981: Plans for a cable network are announced. Dumbo hits the shelves for
video retail, making it the first animated Disney feature available on
video.
* 1982: EPCOT Center opens at Walt Disney World; Walt Disney's son-in-law
Ron W. Miller succeeds Card Walker as CEO.
* 1983: As the anthology series is canceled, Disney Channel begins operation
on US cable systems. Tom Wilhite resigns his post as head of the film
division. Tokyo Disneyland opens in Japan.
The Eisner era (1984–2005)
* 1984: Touchstone Films is created after the studio narrowly escapes a
buyout attempt by Saul Steinberg, and releases their first film Splash. Roy
Edward Disney and his business partner, Stanley Gold, remove Ron W. Miller
as CEO and president, replacing him with Michael Eisner and Frank Wells. The
Walt Disney Classics and Masterpiece video collection starts up.
* 1985: The studio begins making cartoons for television beginning with
Adventures of the Gummi Bears and The Wuzzles. The Black Cauldron, the
studio's first PG-rated animated film, is released, but is a box office
failure. The home video release of Pinocchio becomes a best-seller.
* 1986: The company's name is changed on February 6 from Walt Disney
Productions to The Walt Disney Company. Disney's first R-rated film, Down
and Out in Beverly Hills, is released under the Touchstone banner.
* 1987: The company and the French government sign an agreement for the
creation of the first Disney Resort in Europe: the Euro Disney project
starts. The company opens up a Hall of Fame with Fred MacMurray as the first
induction.
* 1989: Disney offers a deal to buy Jim Henson's Muppets and have the famed
puppeteer work with Disney resources; the Disney-MGM Studios open at Walt
Disney World; The Little Mermaid sparks a Disney animation renaissance.
* 1990: Jim Henson's death sours the deal to buy his holdings; the anthology
series is canceled for the second time.
* 1991: Beauty and the Beast is released, becoming the first animated film
nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.
* 1992: The controversial Euro Disney Resort opens outside Paris, France.
Aladdin is released for the first time ever and becomes the animated movie
with the most Golden Globe nominations, as well as the only traditionally
animated movie to be nominated for the MTV Movie Award for best picture.
* 1992: The Disney Company is granted permission for a National Hockey
League expansion franchise. The team is named the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim to
co-incide with the release of The Mighty Ducks.
* 1993: Disney acquires independent film distributor Miramax Films; Winnie
the Pooh merchandise outsells Mickey Mouse merchandise for the first time;
the policy of periodic theatrical re-issues ends with this year's re-issue
of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs but is augmented for video.
* 1994: Frank Wells is killed in a helicopter crash. Jeffrey Katzenberg
resigns to co-found his own studio, DreamWorks SKG. Plans for Disney's
America, a historical theme park in Haymarket, Virginia, are abruptly
dropped. No explanation is given, and Disney announces a search for an
alternate location. Euro Disneyland is renamed Disneyland Paris. The Lion
King, the highest-grossing traditionally animated film in history
(unadjusted for inflation), is released.
* 1995: In October, the company hires Hollywood super agent, Michael Ovitz,
to be president. The world's first computer animated feature film Toy Story,
produced by Pixar Animation Studios, is released by Disney, and becomes the
year's top-grossing film.
* 1996: The company takes on the Disney Enterprises name and acquires the
Capital Cities/ABC group, renaming it ABC, Inc. To celebrate the pairing,
ABC's first Super Soap Weekend is held at Walt Disney World. Disney makes
deal with Tokuma Shoten for dubbing and releasing of Studio Ghibli films in
the U.S. In December, Michael Ovitz, president of the company, leaves "by
mutual consent."
* 1997: The anthology series is revived again; the home video division
releases its first DVDs. The Southern Baptist Convention votes to boycott
The Walt Disney Company over opposition to the latter offering equal health
and other benefits to gays and lesbians, as well as Disney allowing outside
organizers to have "Gay and Lesbian Days" at Walt Disney World. Disney
ignored the boycott, which failed and was withdrawn by the SBC on June 22,
2005.[2]
* 1998: Disney's Animal Kingdom opens at Walt Disney World. Kiki's Delivery
Service, the first Studio Ghibli film under the Disney/Ghibli deal, is
released on video.
* 2000: Disney-owned TV channels are pulled from Time Warner Cable briefly
during a dispute over carriage fees; Robert Iger becomes president. Disney
begins their Gold Classic Collection and Platinum Edition DVD line,
replacing their Classic and Masterpiece Collection series.
* 2001: Disney's California Adventure and Tokyo DisneySea open to the
public; Disney begins releasing Walt Disney Treasures DVD box sets for the
collector's market. Disney buys Fox Family for $3 billion in July, giving
Disney programming and cable network reaching 81 million homes.
* 2001: Fort Worth billionaire Sid Bass is forced to sell his Disney
holdings due to a margin call caused partially by the stockmarket fall that
followed the 9/11 attacks. Bass didn't own his shares outright but had
bought them on margin was unknown and a shock when it was revealed. Losing
Bass is a blow to Eisner - Bass had been a major backer of Eisner and he had
recruited Eisner to Disney.
* 2002: Walt Disney Studios open near Disneyland Paris (renamed Disneyland
Park). The entire area is now called Disneyland Resort Paris. Disney
finishes negotiations to acquire Saban Entertainment, owner of children's
entertainment juggernaut Power Rangers. Subsidiary Miramax acquires the USA
rights to the Pokémon movies starting with the fourth movie.
* 2002: Disney teams up with famous video game company Squaresoft (later
known as Square-Enix) to release their first ever role-playing game with
various Disney characters, Kingdom Hearts. Disney begins joint venture
business with Sanrio for Sanrio's greeting cards.
* 2003: Roy E. Disney resigns as the chairman of Feature Animation and from
the board of directors, citing similar reasons to those that drove him off
26 years earlier; fellow director Stanley Gold resigns with him; they
establish "SaveDisney" to apply public pressure to oust Michael Eisner.
Pixar computer animated film Finding Nemo is released by Disney, becoming
the highest-grossing animated film in history until 2004's DreamWorks film
Shrek 2. Live-action film Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black
Pearl is released, becoming the first film released under the Disney label
with a PG-13 rating.
* 2004: Comcast makes an unsuccessful hostile bid for the company. CEO
Michael Eisner is replaced by George J. Mitchell as chairman of the board
after a 43% vote of no confidence. Disney turns down distributing
controversial documentary film Fahrenheit 9/11, which ends up making $100
million. On February 17, Disney buys the Muppets (excluding the Sesame
Street characters).
* 2005: On July 8 Roy E. Disney rejoins the company as a consultant with the
title of Director Emeritus. Disneyland celebrates its 50th anniversary on
July 17. Hong Kong Disneyland officially opens on September 12.
The Iger era (2005– )
* 2005: Bob Iger replaces Michael Eisner as CEO on October 1. Also on
October 1, Miramax co-founders Bob Weinstein and Harvey Weinstein left the
company to form their own studio.
* 2006: On January 23, Disney announces a deal to purchase Pixar Animation
Studios in an all-stock transaction worth $7.4 billion. The deal is
finalized on May 5. In the process, former Pixar CEO, and current Apple Inc.
CEO Steve Jobs, becomes the single largest individual Disney shareholder,
holding 7% of outstanding shares. Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest
is released, breaking multiple box office records, including
highest-grossing opening day and opening weekend. The film also becomes the
third film in motion picture history to gross over US$1 billion, when
unadjusted for inflation.
* 2006: Disney sets record for number of people to visit its parks. A record
of 112 Million people visited Disney parks in 2006.
* 2006: Disney reacquires the rights to the Walt Disney-era Oswald the Lucky
Rabbit films from NBC Universal.
* 2006: Disney releases the "Cars" computer animated movie by Pixar on June
9.
* 2007: Disney released their first non-movie or TV show related media –
Spectrobes, a video game for the Nintendo DS.
* 2007: The revival of the Disney/Amblin Entertainment partnership and the
Roger Rabbit franchise which may lead to new theme park appearances, theme
park rides for the Disney MGM Studios area, the Roger Rabbit sequel and lots
more.
Acquired intellectual properties
* Power Rangers, acquired September 2001
* The Muppets, 2004
* Schoolhouse Rock!, 1996
* Doug, 1996
* The Gremlins by Roald Dahl
* Buck Rogers film rights, acquired 1997
* Abadazad acquired June 2006
* Clare Milne's name (Christopher Robin's daughter), acquired after 1998
* Pixar and its library, 2006
* Studio Ghibli film dubs (except Grave of the Fireflies), 1996
* Sanrio greeting cards, 2002
* Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, 1992-1996
Senior Executive Management
* Bob Iger (President and CEO )
* Roy E. Disney (Director Emeritus)
* Thomas O. Staggs (Senior Executive Vice President and CFO)
* Alan N. Braverman (Senior Executive Vice President, General Counsel)
* John Lasseter (Chief Creative Officer)
Current board of directors
* Susan Arnold
* John Bryson
* John S. Chen
* Judith Estrin
* Robert Iger (CEO)
* Steve Jobs
* Fred Langhammer
* Aylwin Lewis
* Monica Lozano
* Robert Matschullat
* John E. Pepper, Jr. (Chairman)
* Orin C. Smith
* Roy E. Disney (former Vice Chairman), (non-Voting, Consultant)
Current division heads
* Walt Disney International - Andy Bird
* Walt Disney Parks and Resorts - Jay Rasulo
o Walt Disney Imagineering - Bruce Vaughn
+ Walt Disney Creative Entertainment - Anne Hamburger
* Walt Disney Studios - Dick Cook (Studio Chairman)
o Pixar Animation Studios - Ed Catmull
o Walt Disney Animation Studios - Ed Catmull
o Buena Vista Music Group - Bob Cavallo
o Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group - Oren Aviv
o Walt Disney Theatrical - Thomas Schumacher
* Disney Consumer Products - Andy Mooney
* Disney-ABC Television Group - Anne Sweeney
* ESPN and ABC Sports - George Bodenheimer
Chairmen of the Board
* 1945-1960: Walt Disney
* 1945-1971: Roy O. Disney (Co-Chair 1945-1960)
* 1971-1980: Donn Tatum
* 1980-1983: E. Cardon Walker
* 1983-1984: Raymond Watson
* 1984-2004: Michael Eisner
* 2004-2006: George J. Mitchell
* 2007-present: John E. Pepper, Jr.
Vice Chairman of the Board
* 1984-2003: Roy E. Disney
* 1999-2000: Sanford Litvack [1]
CEOs
* 1968-1971: Roy O. Disney
* 1971-1976: Donn Tatum
* 1976-1983: E. Cardon Walker
* 1983-1984: Ron W. Miller
* 1984-2005: Michael Eisner
* 2005-present: Robert Iger
Presidents
* 1940-1945: Walt Disney
* 1945-1968: Roy O. Disney
* 1968-1971: Donn Tatum
* 1971-1977: E. Cardon Walker
* 1980-1984: Ron W. Miller
* 1984-1994: Frank Wells
* 1995-1997: Michael Ovitz
* 2000-Present: Robert Iger
COOs
* 1984-1994: Frank Wells
* 1994-2000: Sanford Litvack
* 2000-present: Robert Iger
The formal position of Chief Operating Officer was not created until Wells
and Eisner came in with Eisner taking the titles of Chairman and CEO and
Wells, President and COO.
Criticism
* The worldwide commercial success of the Disney brand is viewed by some as
detrimental to cultural diversity (see Disneyfication).
* Disney is one among several American companies lobbying for harsher
enforcement of intellectual property around the world and continued
copyright term extensions, posing a perceived threat to the existence of the
public domain; see Mickey Mouse Protection Act. Disney has aggressively
protected its intellectual property, including suing three Hallandale,
Florida daycares for featuring Disney characters on their walls. The images
were removed and replaced with Hanna-Barbera characters instead [3].
* While the Disney Company is fiercely protective of the copyright on its
stories, those stories are frequently based on public domain materials, such
as folk and fairy tales. Disney has also been accused of plagiarizing ideas
from copyrighted sources; elements of The Lion King greatly resemble the
Japanese animated series Kimba the White Lion, and several character designs
in Disney's Aladdin bear a striking resemblance to those in Richard
Williams' earlier animated film The Thief and the Cobbler. Also, the
elements of Atlantis: The Lost Empire resemble the anime series Nadia: The
Secret of Blue Water.
* The College Program at Disney World has attracted criticism. The program
annually provides 8,000 college students with a five-to-eight month
internship. Critics argue that Disney is exploiting the program as a source
of cheap labor, as interns do the same work as regular employees, but at a
substantially lower pay rate. The interns are also required to work at
anytime and have no holidays off. [4]
* Disney has also been accused of human rights violations regarding the
working conditions in factories that produce their merchandise. Among these
is a campaign by the National Labor Committee drawing attention to abuses at
the Niagra Textiles factory in Bangladesh and the use of sweatshop labor.[5]
* Another report, conducted in 2001 by The Hong Kong Christian Industrial
Committee on factories producing Disney merchandise in China's Guangdong
province, concluded that "Disney's code of conduct and monitoring system are
ineffective and of little use to workers", some of whom were as young as
sixteen.[6] Based on this evidence, The Maquila Solidarity Network and Oxfam
Canada awarded Disney their Sweatshop Retailer of the Year award for 2001;
Wal-Mart came in second and Nike placed third.[7]
* Disney has been criticized by animal welfare groups for its import, use
and frequent deaths of wild animals at its Animal Kingdom theme park [2] as
well as for using purebred dogs in movies such as 101 Dalmatians, which
these groups claim leads to creating an artificial demand for these purebred
dogs many of whom are later abandoned or surrendered to shelters or rescue
groups [3]. In 2007, Snow Buddies, a Disney movie being filmed in Vancouver,
Canada, had dozens of animals fall sick and several die from parvovirus [4].
The supplier, a New York breeder, admitted to shipping the dogs under the
minimum age specified by federal law and was charged with forging health
certificates [5] to facilitate their shipment to Canada.
Parodies
Disney---particularly its theme parks---has been parodied in many cartoons
such as:
* Kidney (The Fairly OddParents)
* Dizzy (Animaniacs)
* Kevin Patrick A Trick ("Dennisville")
* Wizzly (My Life as a Teenage Robot)
* Itchy and Scratchy, Diz-Nee (The Simpsons)
* Brisby World (The Venture Brothers)
* Trisney (Zicky Zira)
* Duloc (Shrek)
* Milt Appleday (Re-Animated)
Disney was also parodied in an Insane Clown Posse comic book (published by
Chaos Comics) in the Pendulum 12 issue miniseries. It was referred to as "Gisney".
Books
* Cult of the Mouse, Harry M. Curoselli.
* The Disney Version: The Life, Times, Art and Commerce of Walt Disney,
Richard Schickel, 1968, revised 1997, ISBN
* Disney: The Mouse Betrayed, Peter Schweizer
* Walt Disney: An American Original, Bob Thomas, 1976, revised 1994, ISBN
* Storming the Magic Kingdom: Wall Street, the raiders, and the battle for
Disney, John Taylor, 1987, [6], [7], ISBN ISBN
* Building a Company: Roy O. Disney and the Creation of an Entertainment
Empire, Bob Thomas, 1998, ISBN
* How to Read Donald Duck: Imperialist Ideology in the Disney Comic ISBN
0-88477-023-0 (Anti-Disney Marxist Critique) Ariel Dorfman, Armand Mattelart,
David Kunzle
* The Keys to the Kingdom: How Michael Eisner Lost His Grip, Kim Masters,
20, ISBN
* Disneyization of Society: Alan Bryman, 2004, ISBN
* DisneyWar, James B. Stewart, 2005, ISBN, ISBN
* Married to the Mouse, Richard E. Foglesorg, Yale University Press.
* Mouse Tracks: The Story of Walt Disney Records, Tim Hollis and Greg Ehrbar,
2006, ISBN
* Mouse Tales: A Behind-the-Ears Look at Disneyland, David Koenig, 1994,
revised 2005, ISBN 0-9640605-4-X
* Inside the Dream: The Personal Story of Walt Disney, Katherine Greene &
Richard Greene, 2001, ISBN
* Team Rodent, Carl Hiassen.
References
1. ^ Disney to Launch Web Site Aimed at Moms
2. ^ Southern Baptists drop Disney boycott
3. ^ http://www.snopes.com/disney/wdco/daycare.asp source
4. ^ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8464524/
5. ^ http://www.nlcnet.org/campaigns/niagra/niagra-bangladesh.pdf
6. ^ http://www.somo.nl/monitoring/reports/hkcic01-02.htm
7. ^ http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2001/06/18/sweatshops_010618.html source
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