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Metallica
Background information
Origin Los Angeles, California, USA
Genre(s) Thrash metal, Heavy metal, Speed metal, Hard rock
Years active 1981–present
Label(s) Megaforce, Elektra, Warner Bros., Music For Nations, Vertigo,
Universal, Phonogram, Mercury, Sony
Associated
acts Spastik Children, Megadeth, Exodus, Flotsam and Jetsam, Voivod
Website http://www.metallica.com
Members
James Hetfield
Lars Ulrich
Kirk Hammett
Robert Trujillo
Former members
Jason Newsted
Cliff Burton (deceased)
Dave Mustaine
Ron McGovney
Metallica is a Grammy Award-winning American heavy metal/thrash metal band
formed in 1981[1] and has become one of the most commercially successful
musical acts of recent decades. Metallica has sold more than 90 million
records worldwide,[2][3] including 57 million albums sold in the United
States alone.[4][5]
History
Early days (1981-83)
Metallica was formed in Los Angeles, California, 15th October 1981 by
guitarist and vocalist James Hetfield and drummer Lars Ulrich, after both
had placed classified advertisements in the publication The Recycler about
forming a band. The early incarnation of the band went
through a number of members, including Dave Mustaine and Ron McGovney.
Metallica got its name when San Francisco-area metal promoter Ron Quintana
asked Lars to help pick out a name for his new magazine promoting U.S. and
British metal bands. Quintana came up with a list that included the name "Metallica,"
while Lars suggested "Metal Mania" and "Hesse"; Lars decided to use "Metallica"
for the band's name.
Metallica's music was inspired by bands such as Deep Purple, Black Sabbath,
Diamond Head, Motörhead, Saxon, Thin Lizzy, Mercyful Fate, Venom and other,
mainly British, metal bands. They also took inspiration from punk bands like
the Misfits, Zeroption, and The Ramones and UK hardcore bands such as
Discharge.
In early 1982, Ulrich convinced Metal Blade's Brian Slagel to include the
song "Hit the Lights" on the first Metal Massacre compilation. Desperate for
a full time lead guitarist, Ulrich posted an ad in a local newspaper. Dave
Mustaine from Huntington Beach, California, who at the time was playing in
the band Panic responded and met for an audition. Ulrich and Hetfield were
so impressed with Mustaine's warm-up and equipment, they asked him to join
before the audition even began.
In March and April of 1982, several demos were recorded with this lineup
including Hit The Lights, Ron's Garage (which was recorded in McGovney's
garage) and the Power Metal demo. A few months later the band recorded a
full demo, No Life 'Til Leather, which quickly drew attention on the
underground tape trading circuit. They then went on to release a live demo
titled Metal Up Your Ass.
Later that year, Ron McGovney left the band and Metallica asked Trauma
bassist Cliff Burton to join. Burton agreed if the band would relocate to
his hometown in Castro Valley, CA. With Burton the band recorded the
Megaforce Demo. After establishing themselves in the Bay Area thrash metal
scene, Metallica traveled to the New York Tri-State Region in 1983 at the
urging of promoters Jon and Marsha Zazula. After a few gigs the band signed
with the Zazulas' new label, Megaforce Records. Shortly after being signed,
Ulrich and Hetfield decided Mustaine's aggressive and disruptive behavior
(related to alcohol and drug use)[1] was becoming too much to handle. Kirk
Hammett was brought in from the band Exodus to replace Mustaine, who went on
to create the thrash band Megadeth.
Thrash metal pioneers (1983-86)
Kill 'Em All
In late spring 1983, the band travelled to Rochester, New York to record
their first album,"Metal Up Your Ass." However, due to conflict with the
record label regarding the title, the album was later renamed Kill 'Em All.
The album was not an initial financial success, but it earned them a growing
fanbase in the underground metal scene. Despite the animosity, Dave Mustaine,
still has co-writing credits for "Jump in the Fire" (with different lyrics
from earlier demos), "Phantom Lord", "Metal Militia" and "The Four Horsemen"
(originally titled "The Mechanix", or alternately "Mechanics", and listed as
such on early demo tapes, with the earlier demo version having entirely
different lyrics. The 1989 re-release included fan favorites "Am I Evil?",
from Diamond Head, and "Blitzkrieg" from the band Blitzkrieg, which were
later included in their Garage album.
Ride the Lightning
A year later, Metallica released Ride the Lightning. The album's inclusion
of a slower, more introspective song, "Fade to Black", set Metallica apart
from other thrash bands. Despite some claims of selling out, classic fans
note this album has many worthy numbers. In addition to the title track and
"Fade to Black", it boasts "For Whom the Bell Tolls", "Creeping Death", and
the 9-minute instrumental "The Call of Ktulu." Dave Mustaine still has
credits recognized for "Ride the Lightning" and "The Call of Ktulu".
Master of Puppets
When Ride the Lightning caught the attention of major labels, Metallica
signed with Elektra Records. Their first release with Elektra was 1986's
Master of Puppets, which would serve as their breakthrough album. Despite
the fact that no singles were released from the album, the band received
minor airplay from album tracks "Master of Puppets" and "Welcome Home (Sanitarium)".
Fans looking for an alternative to glam metal bands of the day relished in
furious songs such as "Battery" and "Damage, Inc.". The band gained even
more exposure when they were asked to open for Ozzy Osbourne, and Master of
Puppets climbed to number 29 on the Billboard Top Album Charts.[6] Some
critics consider the album to be the "greatest heavy metal albums of all
time".[7]
Tragedy strikes Metallica
On September 27, 1986, during the European leg of their Damage Inc. tour,
Cliff Burton died near Ljungby, Sweden when Metallica's tour bus skidded off
an allegedly icy road and went onto its right side.[8] Burton was thrown out
of the window and the bus landed on top of him. It is debatable whether
Burton was dead at this point or not, although he would certainly have been
critically injured. A winch that was lifting the bus off him snapped,
causing the bus to crush him a second time.[9] Burton's death left the
band's future in doubt. The three remaining members decided that the bassist
would want them to carry on, and with the Burton family's blessings, the
band sought a replacement.
Commercial success (1986-2001)
Bassist auditions
Among the auditionees was Les Claypool (of the band Primus), a childhood
friend of Hammett's. The band liked Claypool but felt his style was "too
funky". In the band's Behind the Music episode, Hetfield
explains that Claypool was "too good" and "out there" for Metallica.[9]
Ultimately Claypool was not offered the job, and Jason Newsted, formerly of
Arizona's Flotsam and Jetsam was asked to join. Newsted officially joined
Metallica on October 28, 1986 three weeks after Burton's funeral. The band finished their tour in the early months of 1987. Following
the tour, the band recorded The $5.98 E.P.: Garage Days Re-Revisited in July
1987 as a way to test a new studio they had constructed and to trial the
talents of Newsted.
...And Justice for All
...And Justice for All, the first studio album since Burton's death, was
released in 1988. The album was a massive commercial success, reaching
number 6 on The Billboard 200, their first album to reach the top 10.[10]
On the album very little of Newsted's bass is audible. According to Newstead
and the other band members, this is a result of the internal hazing and
bullying toward Newstead for being the newest member and replacement for
Cliff Burton.[11] Ulrich has also stated his opinion that the lack of
perceived bass resulted from Newsted exclusively mirroring Hetfield's rhythm
tracks.
Although the song-writing was praised, the production of this album was
heavily criticized as Lars Ulrich's drums clicked more than thudded and the
guitars had a thin sound.[12] The Damaged Justice tour followed to promote
the new album. Fans again appreciated fast and furious tunes, as well as
lengthy songs, such as on "...And Justice for All" (9:45) and "To Live Is to
Die" (9:48). In fact, all the songs are over 5 minutes, with 7 of 9 songs
over 6 minutes long.
Despite criticism, in 1989, Metallica received its first Grammy nomination
for the album. The nomination was for the newly created Best Hard Rock/Metal
Performance Vocal or Instrument categories. However, the award was given to
Jethro Tull for the album Crest of a Knave. The result generated much
controversy, as Metallica was widely expected to take home
the award and was standing off-stage waiting to receive it after performing
the song "One" for the telecast. Jethro Tull (who was considered by most to
not even be a Hard Rock/Metal group) had not even bothered to attend the
ceremony, assuming that their chance of winning would be a long-shot. Lars
Ulrich even referred to the snub in accepting a Grammy for "Enter Sandman"
three years later, stating, "We gotta thank Jethro Tull for not putting out
an album this year".
Following Metallica's release of ...And Justice for All, they embraced the
mainstream music world with their debut music video for the song "One". The
band performed the song in an abandoned warehouse, and was then extensively
"remixed" with footage of the film version of Johnny Got His Gun. Rather
than organize an ongoing licensing deal, Metallica simply bought the rights
to the film outright. This is why the film has not had a subsequent DVD
pressing. The end result featured a coherent but shortened "mini-movie"
version of "Johnny Got His Gun" with an intricate level of synchronization
between the song and the film's dialogue, creating a singular narrative
between the two.
The "remix" video was submitted to MTV, with the alternate "performance
only" version held back in the event that MTV would ban the remix version.
MTV accepted the remix version despite its length (the video ran for nearly
ten minutes). The video would be viewers' first exposure to Metallica and
was voted #25 in the fall of 1999 when MTV aired its last "Top 100 Videos of
All Time" countdown. The video was also prominently featured during MTV's
25th Anniversary edition of "ADD Video," which showcased the top videos to
air on MTV in the last 25 years.[13]
Also, later on in 2005 Metallica would release "The Videos". This DVD
collection included all music videos by Metallica from 1989 through 2005,
but it featured "Two Of One". This was the original "One" video and the "Jammin'
Version", which was the video of the band performing in a warehouse.
Metallica (The Black Album)
In 1991, Metallica released their self-titled album, Metallica (popularly
known as The Black Album by fans), which included such songs as "Nothing
Else Matters", "Sad But True," "The Unforgiven," "Holier Than Thou," and
"Wherever I May Roam." The record was co-produced with Bob Rock, whose
resume included work with hard rock acts The Cult, Bon Jovi and Mötley Crüe.
The album featured a black cover that had a very pale image of a snake in
one of the corners, with the band's name in the opposite corner. The album
art evoked humorous comparisons to fictional band Spinal Tap who in the spoof rockumentary This is Spinal Tap put out an album
with an all black cover.
The majority of the making of the Metallica album and the following tour was
documented in A Year and a Half in the Life of Metallica. The recording
sessions were a long and arduous process, lasting over a year due to
infighting among the band's members and endless arguments with Rock about
the album's direction, scope, and sound. The cost of recording the album was
over $1 million (as stated on Behind the Music: Metallica). However, despite
the battle to finish the album, it quickly became the band's most successful
release, charting at number one on the Billboard charts.[14]
The album's first single was "Enter Sandman", which showed off the new
album's slowed-down style of music compared to Metallica's previous work.
The Black Album is currently tied for the 26th spot of highest selling album
of all time in America.
Due to the album's new style of sound, more charges of selling out would be
aimed at Metallica throughout the 1990s, to which the band
often joked that they did indeed sell out - each and every date of the
tour. In 1992 during a hugely financially successful
co-headlining tour with Guns N' Roses, Hetfield suffered severe second and
third degree burns to his left arm due to pyrotechnics during the opening of
"Fade to Black", leaving him unable to play guitar for a portion of the
tour. Former Metallica roadie and Metal Church guitarist John Marshall
filled in for the rest of the tour on guitar while Hetfield continued to
sing.
Load, ReLoad, Garage Inc., S&M
After almost three years of touring to support The Black Album, including a
headlining performance at Woodstock 1994, Metallica went straight back into
the studio to write and record their sixth studio album Load. They took a
break in the summer of 1995 and played 3 outdoor shows which included
Metallica organizing and headlining Donington Park UK supported by Slayer,
Skid Row, Slash's Snakepit, Therapy? and Corrosion of Conformity. The Short
Tour was entitled 'Escape from The studio Tour 1995'. On December 13 of that
year, they recorded their rehearsal for Lemmy's 50th birthday party; four
Motörhead covers which was entitled "Motörhead–ache" when it was released as
part of the Hero of the Day singles collection. The band spent around a year
writing and recording new songs, resulting in 1996's Load. During early
production, Load was intended to be a double album. Ultimately, it was
decided that it would be best to release half of the songs first, continue
to work on the remaining songs, and release them the following year. This
resulted in the follow up album, ReLoad.
By 1996, with the release of Load, all band members had cut their hair
(although Hammett eventually grew it back), which was ridiculed by
fans, including band friends Alice in Chains, whose edition
of MTV's Unplugged featured, on Mike Inez's bass, the words "friends don't
let friends get Friends haircuts"
These albums represented a significant musical change for Metallica. The
band's breakneck metal tempos and layered guitar compositions had largely
been replaced by bluesy guitar tones and slide guitar. Several songs include
the use of new instruments including the use of the hurdy-gurdy and violin
in "Low Man's Lyric". The changes on Load and ReLoad had been anticipated by
earlier experiments (especially on The Black Album).
Sales of these albums were lower than sales of the previous three albums.
Hetfield noted later in the documentary film Some Kind of Monster that the
songs on these two albums were initially thought by the band to be of only
average quality, and polished and reworked repeatedly until judged to be
releasable. Hetfield also felt, however, that Metallica's changed image
worked to the songs detriment, saying that " 'Bleeding Me', is, I think,
some of my better lyrics of all time, and what are people talking about?
Lars' fuzzy jacket."
In 1998, Metallica compiled a double CD called Garage Inc.. The first CD
contained newly recorded covers ranging from Killing Joke, The Misfits, Thin
Lizzy, Mercyful Fate, and Black Sabbath to more unexpected choices like Nick
Cave and Bob Seger (the band's cover of Seger's "Turn the Page" garnered
extensive radio airplay). The second CD gathered together previously
released covers, including the original The $5.98 E.P.: Garage Days
Re-Revisited, which had become a scarce collector's item. The CD also
included B-side covers going as far back as 1984. Their cover of Queen's
Stone Cold Crazy had won a Grammy for Best Heavy Metal Performance.
On March 7, 1999, Metallica was inducted into the San Francisco Walk of
Fame. The mayor of San Francisco, Willie Brown, proclaimed the day "Official
Metallica Day" in San Francisco. A month later, on April 21-22, 1999,
Metallica recorded two performances with the San Francisco Symphony
Orchestra, then conducted by Michael Kamen. Kamen, who had previously worked
with Bob Rock on "Nothing Else Matters", had approached the band eight years
prior, just after The Black Album was released with the idea of pairing
Metallica's music with a symphony orchestra. Kamen and his staff composed
additional orchestral material for a number of Metallica songs and the
concerts featured broad selection of songs dating as far back as Ride the
Lightning. Metallica also wrote two brand new Kamen-scored songs for the
event, "No Leaf Clover" and "−Human". The audio recording and concert
footage were released later that year as the album/concert film S&M, in
November 1999, on CD, VHS, VCD, and DVD.
Napster controversy
In 2000, Metallica discovered that a demo of their song "I Disappear" was
being distributed via the Napster P2P file-sharing network. Not only was the
song unfinished, it was supposed to be released in combination with the
Mission: Impossible II soundtrack.
They soon discovered that in addition to the demo, their entire catalogue
was freely available. The band initiated legal action against Napster,
demanding that 300,000 Napster users found to be trading Metallica songs be
banned from the network. Legal actions were also filed against Yale
University, University of Southern California, and Indiana University for
not blocking Napster from their campuses. In 2001, Metallica and Napster
agreed to an out-of-court settlement which led to Napster user accounts
being locked out (the band did not take legal action against any individuals
for copyright infringement). This led to Lars Ulrich
providing a statement to the Senate Judiciary Committee regarding copyright
infringement on July 11, 2000.
The lawsuit created a public relations nightmare. Throughout the
controversy, websites hosted cartoon parodies of band members, portraying
them as selfish rock stars who were out of touch with their fans. The most
popular of these was a cartoon parody entitled Napster
Bad!, by Camp Chaos, which spawned an entire series. Critics mocked Ulrich
by spelling his name as "Lar$". In retaliation to the
controversy, Ulrich appeared during the 2000 MTV Video Music Awards, in a
skit with that year's host Marlon Wayans, that blasted the idea of using
Napster to share music. Marlon played a college student sitting in his dorm
room, listening to Metallica's "I Disappear". Ulrich, playing himself,
walked in and asked for an explanation. Upon receiving Wayans' excuse that
using Napster was just "sharing", Lars retorted that Marlon's idea of
sharing was simply borrowing things that were not yours without asking. He
called in the Metallica road crew, who proceeded to confiscate all Wayans'
belongings, leaving him almost nude in an empty room. Napster creator Shawn
Fanning responded later in the ceremony by presenting an award wearing a
Metallica shirt, saying "I borrowed this shirt from a friend. Maybe, if I
like it, I'll buy one of my own".
Public ridicule was widespread as Metallica had gotten their start via
underground trading of bootleg recordings of their performances.[15]
Metallica's defense was that Napster was allowing free access to their back
catalogue and not live bootleg recordings, which the band had always
encouraged. In 2007, years after the controversy, Metallica was still
subject to ridicule for its actions, even being named #17 on Blender
magazine's list of "biggest wusses in rock" for its "anti-Napster
crusade".[16]
Newsted's departure
As plans were being made to go into the recording studio in 2001, Newsted
left the band, due to as he put it, "the physical damage I have done to
myself over the years while playing the music that I love". Subsequent
interviews with Newsted and the remaining members revealed that Newsted's
desire to release a CD and tour with his Echobrain side project - and
Hetfield's intense resistance to such an idea - was the primary cause of
Newsted's departure [2]. Additionally, a Playboy interview [3] revealed that
the "hazing" that Newsted received since joining the band had not lessened
over time. Finally, Newsted had never shared the songwriting partner status
that Burton had enjoyed (in 15 years with the group, Newsted only received
co-writing credit on three songs: "Blackened" from ...And Justice for All,
"My Friend of Misery" from Metallica and "Where The Wild Things Are" from
ReLoad). The 2004 documentary, Some Kind of Monster provided more insight
into the reasons for Newsted's departure. In the film he says he felt his
former bandmates' decision to hire a therapist to help solve their problems
was "really fucking lame, and weak".
Current era (2001-Present)
St. Anger
In July, 2001, Hetfield entered rehab due to "alcoholism and other
addictions". For nearly a year, Metallica ceased to function in any
meaningful way. Ulrich and Hammett, for the first time, seriously considered
the possibility that Metallica might be finished. Hetfield eventually
returned to the band following his rehab hiatus and was required to work
only four hours a day and spend the rest of his time with his family.
Metallica continued slowly as a three-piece throughout the writing and
recording of their next album. Longtime producer Bob Rock handled bass
duties for the sessions. The making of the album was documented for the
movie, "Some Kind of Monster". The film also exposed to fans that Metallica
had sought the guidance of a therapist, Phil Towle, to deal with a vast
amount of the band's inner turmoil.
Following the album's recording, Metallica held auditions for Newsted's
permanent replacement in early 2003. Robert Trujillo formerly of Suicidal
Tendencies, and Ozzy Osbourne's band, was chosen as the new bassist.
Robert's resume also included Infectious Grooves as well as a stint with
Black Label Society on their Boozed, Broozed, and Broken-Boned DVD. As
Metallica moved on, Jason Newsted also found a new musical home joining
Canadian thrash metal legends Voivod in 2002. In an interesting turn of
events, Jason also became Robert's replacement in Ozzy's band during the
2003 Ozzfest tour (which included Voivod as part of the touring bill).
In June 2003, Metallica's eighth full-length recording, St. Anger, debuted
at number one on the album charts. Being an intentionally raw and unpolished
album, harsh criticism from fans followed. The record's under-produced
sound, Hetfield's "flexible" sense of pitch, Ulrich's steely sounding snare,
and the absence of any guitar solos received particular criticism. [4][5]
Despite this, the album won the best metal performance at the 2004 Grammys.
The song "St. Anger" was used as the official theme song for WWE's
SummerSlam 2003.
Having toured extensively for two years in support of St. Anger on the
Summer Sanitarium Tour 2003 in festivals featuring Mudvayne, Deftones,
Linkin Park, and Limp Bizkit and then the lengthy Madly in Anger with the
World tour with Godsmack (in which nearly every performance was
professionally recorded and sold on livemetallica.com) Metallica took a
break from performing and spent most of 2005 with friends and family;
however for two historic shows on November 13, 2005 and November 15, 2005,
the band opened for the Rolling Stones at AT&T park in San Francisco.
Recent events, ninth studio album
On February 16, 2006, Metallica announced on their official website that
after their 15+ year relationship, longtime producer Bob Rock was stepping
down and would not be producing Metallica's next studio album. Rock had
produced every Metallica album since 1991. Metallica is currently working on
a studio album with producer Rick Rubin[17] who has produced albums for
other prominent rock and metal bands such as Slayer, System of a Down,
Slipknot, Beastie Boys, Audioslave, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Rage Against the
Machine and Linkin Park.
Metallica debuted an untitled song nicknamed "The New Song" in Berlin,
Germany on June 6, 2006 on the European leg of the Escape from the Studio
'06 mini tour. On August 12, 2006, Metallica debuted another song in Tokyo,
Japan on the Asian leg of the tour, nicknamed "The Other New Song". They
have also supported the Summer Sonic tour in Tokyo and Osaka, along with
Linkin Park.
The band has previously unveiled new songs prior to their release: Four
songs from Ride the Lightning ("Fight Fire with Fire", "Ride the Lightning",
"Creeping Death", and "The Call of Ktulu") were performed before the release
of the album; Master of Puppets' "Disposable Heroes" was debuted on
September 14 of 1985; not to mention "Sanitarium" performed at Roskilde
1985; ...And Justice for All's "Harvester of Sorrow" received its live debut
in 1987, Load's "2x4" and Reload's "Devil's Dance" were played during the
Escape from the Studio '95 mini-tour; and "Fuel" were played at various
points during the Load tour 1996-97. ("The Memory Remains" and "Bad Seed"
were teased numerous times at shows throughout 1996 and 1997).
It was during this time on tour that the band finally bowed to fan pressure
and decided to make each of their albums available from the iTunes Store -
though strictly in the U.S. and Canada until issues with their European
label are resolved - allowing individual tracks to be legally downloaded for
the first time. Exclusive tracks from the Seattle '89 shows were added to
the band's first four albums.
On October 13, 2006 Metallica announced that they would release a DVD
containing all their videos from 1989 to 2004. The DVD, The Videos
1989-2004, was released on December 4, 2006 worldwide and on December 5 in
North America.[18] The Videos 1989-2004 eventually became available on the
iTunes Store.[19]
Metallica also released a cover of "The Ecstasy of Gold", a song by Ennio
Morricone in an album entitled We All Love Ennio Morricone released on
February 20, 2007, in which other artists honor the composer. The Ecstasy of
Gold has been the opener of Metallica live shows for over 20 years - but it
has always been the original instrumentation and arrangement, played from a
recording. This new version features the band itself performing it, giving a
new guitar-based interpretation to the song.[20]
On February 9, 2007 Metallica confirmed that pre-production on the new
studio album had been completed, and recording of the new album would begin
on March 12, 2007. The band also announced that a summer tour, later named
"Sick of the Studio '07", was in the early planning stages.[21] Eleven dates
of this tour have been announced so far.[22]
On Saturday, May 25th, 2007, Lars was a guest on The Opie and Anthony radio
show and stated that they will play 3-4 new songs on this tour and the
backing track of the new album had been finished the week before.
On June 15, 2007 Metallica returned to HQ after a short break to begin
rehearsing for their "Sick Of The Studio" Tour. The winners from the
METALLICA: THE VIDEOS 1989-2004 DVD radio and online contests were treated
to the HQ VIP treatment with a BBQ, a few autographs, and an intimate
performance from the band in the jam room.
Metallica has also confirmed, via their website, that they will be playing
the Live Earth show at Wembley Stadium in London, England.
Metallica's 2007 tour began in Lisbon, Portugal at the 13th edition of
mega-rock festival Super Bock Super Rock in which they played "... And
Justice for All" for the first time in 18 years. Metallica played to a crowd
of more than 40,000 fans. The tour will run through July 2007. On July 7,
2007, Metallica performed at Wembley Stadium as part of Live Earth. At Live
Earth Metallica played the songs 'Sad But True' , 'Nothing Else Matters and
'Enter Sandman'. They will also be performing at Wembley Stadium the
following day, as part of their tour.
Band members
Current members
* James Hetfield - rhythm guitar, lead vocals (1981-present)
* Kirk Hammett - lead & rhythm guitars, backing vocals (1983-present)
* Robert Trujillo - bass, backing vocals (2003-present)
* Lars Ulrich - Drums (1981-Present)
Former members
* Jason Newsted - bass, backing vocals (1986-2001)
* Cliff Burton - bass, backing vocals (1982-1986) [deceased]
* Dave Mustaine - lead & rhythm guitars, backing vocals (1981-1983)
* Ron McGovney - bass (1982)
Discography
Awards and recognition
Metallica has won seven Grammy Awards:
* 1990: Best Metal Performance - "One"
* 1991: Best Metal Performance - "Stone Cold Crazy"
* 1992: Best Metal Performance With Vocal - Metallica
* 1999: Best Metal Performance - "Better Than You"
* 2000: Best Hard Rock Performance - "Whiskey in the Jar"
* 2001: Best Rock Instrumental Performance - "The Call of Ktulu" with
Michael Kamen and the San Francisco Symphony
* 2004: Best Metal Performance - "St. Anger"
MTV Video Music Awards:
* 1992: Best Metal Video - "Enter Sandman"
* 1996: Best Metal Video - "Until it Sleeps"
American Music Awards:
* 1996: Favorite Artist: Heavy Metal/Hard Rock: Metallica - Load
* 1996: Favorite Metal/Hard Rock Song - "Until it Sleeps"
Bammies:
* 1996: Outstanding Drummer: Lars Ulrich
* 1997: Outstanding Hard Rock Album: ReLoad
Billboard Music Awards:
* 1997: Billboard Rock and Roll Artist of the Year: Metallica (RIAA Diamond
Award)
* 1999: Catalog Artist of the Year: Metallica
* 1999: Catalog Album of the Year: Metallica (The Black Album)
Kerrang! awards:
* 2003: Hall of Fame
Governor's Award:
* 2004: Governor's Award - Metallica
Metallica were ranked by MTV the 3rd "Greatest Heavy Metal Band in History",
and is listed at #5 on VH1's "100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock".[23] The
band was ranked at #1 on VH1's "20 Greatest Metal Bands,"
and will be eligible for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2008.[24]
References
Books
1. Steffan Chirazi and Metallica (2004). So What!: The Good, The Mad, and
The Ugly. Broadway. ISBN 0767918819.
2. Glenn T. Pillsbury (2006). Damage Incorporated: Metallica and the
Production of Musical Identity. Routledge. ISBN 9780415973748.
Footnotes
1. ^ Metallica.com - History Part 1. Metallica.com. Retrieved on 2006-12-05.
2. ^ bbc.co.uk "BBC artist biography". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on 2007-02-07.
3. ^ Metallica.com "Metallica, Limp Bizkit and Linkin Park committed to the
Sanitarium". Metallica.com. Retrieved on 2006-12-05.
4. ^ RIAA Total Sales. RIAA. Retrieved on 2006-12-05.
5. ^ "So What! The Good, The Mad, and The Ugly" - Review. Popmatters.com.
Retrieved on 2006-12-05.
6. ^ Description of Master of Puppets on Billboard.com. Billboard.com.
Retrieved on 2006-10-20.
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8. ^ Metallica History Part 2. Metallica. Retrieved on 2006-12-23.
9. ^ a b VH1 - Behind The Music: Metallica
10. ^ {{{ Metallica > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums }}}
11. ^ {{{ April 2001 Playboy interview, Metallica }}}
12. ^ ...And Justice for All - Review. AllMusic. Retrieved on 2006-12-23.
13. ^ A.D.D. Videos: 25 Years of MTV. MTV.com. Retrieved on 2006-03-12.
14. ^ Description of Metallica on Billboard.com. Billboard.com. Retrieved on
2006-10-20.
15. ^ Metallica, How Could You?. Lew, Brian - Salon.com. Retrieved on
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16. ^ "Rock's Biggest Wusses." Blender magazine. New York: Dennis, Aug 2006.
vol7, no6, pg17.
17. ^ "Metallica Studio Update", Metallica, 2006-02-16. Retrieved on
2006-12-23.
18. ^ "Metallica: 'The Videos 1989-2004' DVD details revealed",
Blabbermouth.net, 2006-10-14. Retrieved on 2006-10-14.
19. ^ METALLICA'S MUSIC VIDEOS NOW ON iTUNES!. Metallica.com (2007-02-26).
Retrieved on 2007-02-28.
20. ^ "We All Love Ennio Morricone", Metallica.com, 2007-02-20. Retrieved on
2007-02-20.
21. ^ "Latest Metallica News", Metallica.com, February 9, 2007. Retrieved on
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22. ^ "MetOnTour", Metontour.com, February 19, 2007. Retrieved on
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23. ^ 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock. VH1. Retrieved on 2006-12-23.
24. ^ Metallica entry. Future Rock Hall. Retrieved on 2006-12-23.
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